Islam, a monotheistic religion [1] [2] and the Abrahamic religions. [3] [4] The followers of Islam, "Muslim" they say. [5] Now see the official number of followers of Islam, is in second place in the world. 6]
Muslims believe that Allah, the Quran to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel to Frvfrstadhast. Many Muslims believe that the Prophets of God, revealed to Muhammad the last of them. Muslims believe Muhammad Aadhknndh pure monotheism of Abraham, Moses, Jesus and other prophets of Islam know and believe that God's complete and final regulations [7] [8].
Islam means submission to God. Islam is a religion of law practice, nor asceticism and monasticism. Islam is a religion of moderation; encouraged to help the poor but not encouraged to leave the world. Islam emphasizes the right behavior: drinking and gambling are banned Muslim is obliged to refrain from eating forbidden food. Muslims directly with God through the grace of the mystery, and need not, and do not necessarily need. The mosque is a gathering place like a church, not a religious authority. Islam, unlike Judaism, which emerged after World Religious quickly and encourages people to Mslmanshdn but many insist on not Mslmankrdn. [9]
Contents
[Hide] • 1 Terminology
• 2 beliefs ◦ 2.1 ◾ 2.1.1 doctrine of God
◾ 2.1.2 Declaration of Faith
◾ 2.1.3 Quran
◾ 2.1.4 seal of prophecy in Islam
◦ 2.2 Practical Aspects ◾ 2.2.1 Calendar and Ephemeris
◾ 2.2.2 Azan
• 3 ◦ 3.1 M ◾ 3.1.1 Pre-Islamic History of the Prophets
◾ 3.1.2 Prophet in Makkah
◾ 3.1.3 Prophet in Yathrib
◾ 3.1.4 Death
◦ 3.2 caliphates
◦ 3.3 caliphs of the Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid
• 4 ◦ 4.1 Shiite Islamic sects
◦ 4.2 Sunnis
◦ 4.3 other Islamic sects
• 5 Muslim World
• 6 ◦ 6.1 Dygrandyshhha Islam critics
• 7 galleries
• 8 External links
• 9 Notes
• 10 Source Selection List
Terminology
In Islam, the Arabic root (S - L - M) and literally means the root of the "healthy" and "get rid of pests". [10] [11] The word "Peace" is also derived from the same root. [12] [13] With respect to the meaning of Islam, "Muslim" (in Persian: Muslim) God is a person who submits his most sincere and heartfelt Myprstd and he ordered about him. [14]
Beliefs
Islamic generally fall into three categories:
• dogma: the fundamental beliefs of thought (of religion or belief) that monotheism is the most basic.
• Ethics: Ethical recommendations, some of which include: justice, courage and modesty.
• Islamic jurisprudence: the practical commandments and worship the most basic (or fiqh Furoo AA) are. The action commands customs, rituals and worship covers.
Ideas in science, theology, jurisprudence and ethics in ethics rules in their elaboration. [15]
Dogma
Main article: Principles of Religion
The fundamental principles of the Muslim faith as religion is mentioned. Muslims are the three pillars [16] According to each of these principles, beliefs as sub-causes:
One. Monotheism: the belief in the oneness of God and believe in His attributes.
Two. Prophecy: the belief in the prophets sent by God to guide human need. (And believe prophet Muhammad).
Three. Resurrection: the belief in the existence of the world after the collapse of the present world, and the world appears righteous deeds and bad deeds punished himself promoted.
Among the roots of what Bqyhast, is unity, so that the Muslim religion trying to prove that the principles and minutiae to prove [17] Shia addition to these three principles, the principles of justice and imamate as the fourth and fifth believe.
God
God, the first verse of the Quran
Main article: God
Special name God Allah in the Quran and Islamic literature. However Farsyzbanan usually use the word God. Muslims believe that God in Islam is the main language of the eloquent Arabic language (the language of the Qur'an) is 1001 which is a name of Allah, Ching's name. More Names of God in Islam, shows the absolute supremacy. [18]
Muslims believe that God can be summarized in a sentence from the Koran, see [19] where it is said:
Licking Kmslh object and Ho Alsmy Albsyr (Translation: Nothing is like Him and He is the Hearer, Seer) [42-11]
attributes of God can not be realized ". [21]
Declaration of Faith
Declaration of Faith, input Tvpqapy Palace in Istanbul
Main article: Declaration of Faith
Islam is the acceptance of three possible ways: telling Declaration of Faith, with special tasks Muslims, Islam and Muslims in compliance actions. [22] Declaration of Faith: "Ashhd an la ilaha" and "Ann Ashhd Rasul Allah"
Quran
The first part of the book, the Koran, Sura Noor
Main article: Qur'an
The Koran, the Muslim holy book is written in Arabic, according to Muslim belief by the contents of divine revelation was sent down to Muhammad.
license. "[23]
This book is the most authoritative religious text of Islam and Muslims as "miraculous" and "proof of a prophet" Muhammad knows. [24]
Most religions do agree on the appropriate text and differences in how to read, interpret, and sometimes, it is so.We explain exactly what that Muhammad made no changes to either remove or add then Ngrfthast. Muslims consider the Koran, the holy book of his religion and with titles such as "Holy" and "Majid" refer. The Quran itself as "protected disc" ((Arabic: "Gypsum Almhfvz") [27]) calls. **
Islamic seal of prophecy
Muslims, Islam is a divine seal.
• however it Yhdy Llty Hey Qvm al. [29]
• twin Nny Hdany Dina Qyma straight path to Rabbi Abraham Hnyfa and our nation, I Almshrkyn Kahn. [31]
Tell the world: the Lord hath led me on the right path and it is a religion of administration and Zvalnapzyr the foundation of the Abraham traditions and practices. [32] Sura watches after he says "conscience void of his hand hath God sent Brnmydarnd except Bayanat Quran verses and come with a guardian books read to them. they do not commanded except to worship God with pure intentions, prayers, etc., says Da'vat Alqymh religion. [33] The religion - Islam - is a religious and Zvalnapzyr guardian. [34]
• Surah Al 'Imran:
I Ybtgh non-Islam and Hu Fei Alakhrh I'm Dina Fln Yqbl Alkhasryn. [35] any other religion except the religion of Islam is seeking to overthrow the world and have not been updated since he is the resurrection of the losers. [36]
• Chapter M:
Today Kmlt Lkm Dynkm and Tmmt Alaikum blessing and Rzyt Lkm Dina al. [37] Today, the prophet of Islam is in charge of human conduct, religion for you, completed my favor to you all, and am pleased that you have to always keep the faith.
• In traditions from the Imams of Islam have also been added to the eternity of the Islamic faith, including Ali ibn Abi Talib said:
However the religion of Islam, Allah Alzy Astfah Lnfs·h ... Jlh Sm and La La Anfsam Lrvth jaw Lhlqth and destruction Lasas·h la la la chute Ldaymh Anqla Lshjrth and La interruption Lmdth [39]] [40] Islam is the celebration of the Lord's great religions and laws to Favorites enough said on that excuse does not cut it Hlqhash endless. The basis and foundation demolition and Arkansh does not erode and destroy. Drkhtsh never come out of the roots [so] do not accept Mdnsh also no end. [41]
Practical Aspects
Calendar of Patent
Roll month of the Islamic calendar
Prayer times, and specific times of the day, it is said that a religious person, at that time, religious behavior does its timing. Accurate Prayer times calculated Traditionally, the astronomer, was common.
Azan
Main article: prayer
After the conquest of Mecca, Muhammad Bilal Habashi, a freed black slave, was appointed to the Kaaba to say prayers.
Current practices of Sunni prayer
Sunnis believe that the first time the prayer was read and H. Medina, Muhammad made the offer. While others, drums, horn or bell to call people to prayer, had been proposed. [Citation needed] Sunni Muslims also believe that some call phrases like "I'm not al-Salat bags of" Umar bin KhattabMykhvandhand Rvhalarvah corner. Quite ceremony, the prayer is said, you have to sing. [45] The first call in the first year AH in Medina. Proper documentation of Zayd son of Abdullah, son of the bench Abvdavd Ansari Abed Rabbo stated that he first suggested to Muhammad and Muhammad from his prayer is accepted. [46]
History of Islam
Main article: History of Islam
Countries with Sharia rule ar.PNG
M.
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Main article: Muhammad
Qasim Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abd ibn Hashim (570-632), the founder and prophet of Islam. [47] [48] many stories about the life of Muhammad is shown clearly in historical texts, but like any major historical figures of the modern world. All the details of his life are unknown. So that Muhammad is the most influential figures in human history, the life, actions and thoughts over the centuries, between supporters and opponents of the conflict has been disputed. [49] In his youth, he knew trustee and "Amin" was addressed . [50]
In the Middle Ages, Muhammad, the Western public imagination idol or a god worshiped by Muslims is assumed. After the Protestant Reformation, West thought the M was changed, and the general look of someone dishonest, deceitful and selfish became. [51]
Prior to Prophethood
With a group of young people ten tribes of Mecca, who sought to create a group of volunteers Pasbanhay, oppressed by unjust not to allow rights to be violated. Name the volunteers Hlfalfzvl Treaty (Treaty javānmardān), and Muhammad was one of its founders. Added to this, the young man was proud to have been a member of such a force. [52]
Prophet in Makkah
Khadijah, his wife, was the first person he believed and followed his cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib and Zayd ibn Harith son Khvandhash. Shiites believe that the documents; Muhammad Ali as his successor elected in public repeatedly that the most important documents of the time "close call" (tribe Alaqrbyn), and in Ghadir Khum last pilgrimage point and they say that at the time of Abu Bakr and Umar and other companions even have allegiance to Ali. Sunnis would deny all mention of this case, but revere Ali as well as other companions. [53] [54] [55] [56] and is said to Ibn Ja'far Abu Talib, Zayd (the Muslim than Mohammed, who stated in the Quran) , Abu Dharr, Abu Bakr and Zubair were also among the other early believers to Islam. [57]
First Muslims
Main article: First Muslim
After the Prophet Muhammad Amin's first wife, Khadija, his wife, and the first man, Ali, the first imam, then Ababkr, Zaid bin Harith, Abazar Ghaffari, Saad bin Abyvqas, Lbabh daughter of Harith, Rahman Ibn Ouf, Abvbydh surgeons, Abdullayev Ben M., Ammar bin Yasir and Sumaya his mother, the source of the difference in psi and surpassed mentioned. [58]
Three years after the Prophet Mohammed did not reveal his invitation. Muhammad was the first to openly invited the families themselves. [59] then went to Mount Safa and called on all Quraysh to accept Islam. [60]
Were the leaders of the Quraish decided to deal with him later. Their first action was in talks with Abu Talib. [61] [62] [63] After the Quraysh leaders to ask for help from Taleb vain, they decided to take the help of the Jews of Medina were his three questions for the question of Muhammad, considered He answered and said, you know, the Prophet no doubt. Muhammad Quraish leaders felt right when they were winning, answer the questions. [64] [65]
Prophet in Yathrib
Timeline of the life of Muhammad in Medina
Important events in the life of Muhammad in Medina
618 Civil War Medina
622 Migration
622 Ascension
624 Battle of Badr: Muslims defeat Mecca
624 Failure Bnyqynqa
625 Battle of Uhud: the failure of Muslims to Mecca
625 Failure Bnynzyr
627 Battle Parties
627 Failure Bnyqryzh
Join the Peace 628
628 Access to the Kaaba
628 Battle of Khyber
629 The first pilgrimage
629 Battle of Mu'tah
630 Conquest of Mecca
630 Battle of Hunayn
630 Battle of Taif
631 dominate most of the Arabian Peninsula
632 war on Christians in Tabuk
632 Hjhalvda
632 died
Based on Islamic narratives, Qryshyan were designed to kill Muhammad roles. Muhammad Ali to help him astray, and he went to Abu Bakr of Mecca. [66] to the Sun, in the year AD 622 (the equivalent of the thirteenth year after the start of the call) when he migrated to Medina was a large village. Partners with whom emigrated to Medina, immigrants, and people of Yathrib who had helped the Prophet and the emigrants were called Ansar. The Islamic calendar was the Hijrah. [67]
According to Mahmoud Taleghani Muslims believe Muhammad specifications mentioned in the holy books before him, while Jews and Christians rejected this subject. His family migrated to bring Jews to the land of Hijaz, and settled in the village of Yathrib unknown and nameless due to projections and prophecies as well. [68]
Death
Muhammad in Hjhalvda, add additional months is prohibited. (As a result, every year, just 12 months, will be). Logs of the Ottoman copy of the book "Albaqyh works" (author: Abu Rayhan Biruni) belongs to the 17th century.
A few months after his Farewell pilgrimage, Muhammad fell ill and suffered for several days of headache and weakness. [69] On the day Monday that Mohammad hard was sick and unable to get out of the house, Abu Bakr praying Namaz by Muslims. [70] M. Finally, on the same day, Monday 28 Safar [71] equal to 8 June 632, while 63 had died since lived. [69] After the death of Muhammad, Abu Bakr entered the mosque and recited verses from the Koran saying: " But not before he sent Muhammad Frstadhay come and gone, so if he dies or is killed, the Gzshtgantan'll come? And whoever does no harm to return to God, and God will reward the grateful. Then he said:
People, everyone Myprstd Muhammad, then Muhammad is dead, and everyone surely knows God Myprstd Muhammad, know that he is a living thing that never dies. [69] [72]
He is buried in his wife Aisha's house. It later became the site of a mosque buried, turned into a shrine for Muslims. [73] "Life 144]
Caliphates
Main article: caliphates
Expanse of territory at the time of Muhammad (622-632) during the caliphates (632-661) in Bnyamyh (661-750)
Abu Bakr, the Prophet's companions. [74] and friends, [75] [76] [77] For the first time, dubbed the "honest" than he received. [76] He, when he embraced Islam, was about 40 years old. . [78] After the death of Muhammad, solidarity among immigrants, especially Plat life Abvbydh Ben surgeon working for the company by Caliph Abu Bakr paved. Although Munther al-Arqam in defense of Ali ibn Abi Talib talked, but led to the absence of Bani Hashim, while Ali bin Abi Talib, he was engaged to Tghsyl and burials [79] from Sqyfh work completed and any The action led to the foundation of wavering allegiance to Abu Bakr, to prevent. [80]
Umar ibn al-Khattab (Arabic: Abu Umar bin Al-Khattab bin Nfyl Hfs bin Abdul Alzy), the powerful Muslim caliphates and the greatest rulers in the history of Islam. [81] Under his command, the conquest of the territories conquered Mesopotamia and Syria of Persia and Egypt began. [82] [83]. [84] Abu Omar, after the year 634 AD, the caliphate was the first to arrive and the title "Commander of the Faithful" chose for himself. [85] [86] inDrnyavrd his killer. [89] Umar ibn al-Khattab, during the ten years of his caliphate, luxury-oriented economic life was simple and hard hated. Their brokers over the luxury-oriented fired, reprimanded or fined [citation needed].of racial equality [92] [93] prevented [94] He won by an Iranian named nahavandi be killed. [95] Omar, the last days of his life, six appointed Companions in three days Khalifa The third set. The six men were Ali ibn Abi Talib, Uthman ibn Affan, Abdur Rahman Ibn Ouf, Zubair bin Commons, Tlhh bin Obeid-Allah, and Sa'd ibn Abyvqas. Such Omar ordered that: "If four people were opposed to the idea, and the two men, two women and the three men agreed to go neck and three were opposed, Threesome Abdul Rahman is among them, neck down, and
If three days have passed and everyone agreed they did not all go his neck. "[96] was performed and resulted in three days of talks between Ali Vsman were undecided.